{"id":67759,"date":"2025-12-02T09:14:06","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T01:14:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dataplugs.com\/how-to-create-your-own-web-crawler-using-javascript-node-js\/"},"modified":"2025-12-03T09:53:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T01:53:58","slug":"how-to-create-your-own-web-crawler-using-javascript-node-js","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dataplugs.com\/tc\/how-to-create-your-own-web-crawler-using-javascript-node-js\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript\uff08Node.js\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u722c\u87f2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8981\u7528 JavaScript \u53ca Node.js \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7db2\u7d61\u722c\u87f2\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u61c2\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u5584\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u7db2\u9801\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4e26\u9069\u61c9\u5373\u6642\u52d5\u614b\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7db2\u7ad9\u63a1\u7528 JavaScript \u524d\u7aef\u6846\u67b6\uff0cNode.js \u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u958b\u767c\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u3001\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u722c\u87f2\u7684\u71b1\u9580\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u5c07\u70ba\u4f60\u9010\u6b65\u62c6\u89e3\u5efa\u7acb Node.js \u7db2\u7d61\u722c\u87f2\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u9078\u7528\u6280\u8853\u3001\u5be6\u6230\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u5408\u5c08\u696d\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee4\u4f60\u7684\u722c\u87f2\u5c08\u6848\u771f\u6b63\u843d\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Node.js \u7db2\u7d61\u722c\u87f2\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u57fa\u790e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u7db2\u7d61\u722c\u87f2\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u8173\u672c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u904d\u6b77\u7db2\u7ad9\u3001\u8ffd\u8e64\u9023\u7d50\u4e26\u6536\u96c6\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u7528\u65bc\u641c\u5c0b\u5f15\u64ce\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7af6\u722d\u60c5\u5831\u3001\u6216\u5927\u578b\u6578\u64da\u96c6\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u55ae\u7d14\u722c\u53d6\u76ee\u6a19\u6578\u64da\uff08Web Scraping\uff09\uff0c\u722c\u87f2\u6703\u905e\u6b78\u5f0f\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\u3001\u7d00\u9304\u7db2\u7ad9\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u7db2\u9801\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Node.js \u7db2\u7d61\u722c\u87f2\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9a5f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8d77\u59cb\u7a2e\u5b50\u7db2\u5740<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5 HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u4e0b\u8f09\u76ee\u6a19\u9801\u9762<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u6790 HTML\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u76ee\u6a19\u6578\u64da\u8207\u9023\u7d50<\/li>\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u5f85\u722c\u7db2\u5740\u4f47\u5217\uff08\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8907\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u63a7\u5236\u8acb\u6c42\u901f\u7387\u3001\u8655\u7406\u932f\u8aa4\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u905e\u6b78\u722c\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9078\u7528 Node.js \u5efa\u7acb\u7db2\u7d61\u722c\u87f2\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Node.js \u4ee5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a45\u52d5\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585e\u67b6\u69cb\u898b\u7a31\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9069\u5408\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406 HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u5927\u91cf\u52d5\u614b\u5167\u5bb9\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u53ef\u914d\u5408 Puppeteer\u3001Playwright \u7b49 headless browser \u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8b93\u722c\u87f2\u53d6\u5f97\u5b8c\u6574\u6e32\u67d3\u5f8c\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u898b Node.js \u722c\u87f2\u914d\u5957\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Axios<\/strong>\uff1a\u8f15\u9b06\u767c\u9001 HTTP \u8acb\u6c42<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cheerio<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u6548 HTML \u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u63a5\u8fd1 jQuery<\/li>\n<li><strong>Puppeteer \/ Playwright<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7121\u982d\u700f\u89bd\u5668\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u52d5\u614b\u9801\u9762<\/li>\n<li><strong>node-crawler<\/strong>\uff1a\u5167\u5efa\u4f47\u5217\u3001\u91cd\u8a66\u3001\u9650\u901f\u7b49\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\u958b\u767c\u74b0\u5883\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8207\u5b89\u88dd<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u958b\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u8acb\u5b89\u88dd\u597d Node.js \u548c npm\u3002\u65bc\u5c08\u6848\u76ee\u9304\u57f7\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">npm<\/span> init -y<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">npm<\/span> install axios cheerio<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u9700\u8655\u7406\u52d5\u614b\u7db2\u7ad9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\">npm <span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">install<\/span> puppeteer<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u4fbf\u53ef\u540c\u6642\u61c9\u4ed8\u975c\u614b\u53ca JavaScript \u9a45\u52d5\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u7a69\u5065\u722c\u87f2\u8a2d\u8a08\u8981\u9ede<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u7528\u3001\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u7684 Node.js \u722c\u87f2\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8655\u7406\u597d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u6311\u6230\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u8907\u7db2\u5740\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee5 Set \u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8a18\u9304\u5df2\u8a2a\u554f\u7db2\u5740<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8acb\u6c42\u9650\u901f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5408\u7406\u8abf\u63a7\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u76ee\u6a19\u7db2\u7ad9\u5c01\u9396<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u932f\u8aa4\u8655\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u52a0\u5f37 try-catch\uff0c\u7db2\u7d61\/\u5167\u5bb9\u7570\u5e38\u6642\u80fd\u81ea\u52d5\u91cd\u8a66<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528 async\/await \u7ba1\u7406\u4e26\u884c\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8cc7\u6e90\u76e3\u63a7<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5408\u898f\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7<\/strong>\uff1a\u52d9\u5fc5\u9075\u5b88 robots.txt \u53ca\u8cc7\u6599\u6cd5\u898f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Node.js \u7db2\u7d61\u722c\u87f2\u7c21\u6613\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u7bc4\u5982\u4f55\u7528 Axios \u8207 Cheerio \u7de8\u5beb\u57fa\u672c\u722c\u87f2\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>javascript<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">const<\/span> axios = <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">require<\/span>(&#8216;<span style=\"color: #00ff00;\">axios<\/span>&#8216;);<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">const<\/span> cheerio = <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">require<\/span>(&#8216;<span style=\"color: #00ff00;\">cheerio<\/span>&#8216;);<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">const<\/span> baseUrl = &#8216;<span style=\"color: #00ff00;\">https:\/\/example.com<\/span>&#8216;;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">const<\/span> queue = [baseUrl];<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">const<\/span> visited = <span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">Set<\/span>();<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">async function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">crawl<\/span>() {<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">while<\/span> (queue.length &gt; <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">0<\/span>) {<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">const<\/span> url = queue.shift();<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">if<\/span> (visited.has(url)) <span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">continue<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">try<\/span> {<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">const<\/span> response =<span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\"> await<\/span> axios.get(url, { headers: { &#8216;<span style=\"color: #00ff00;\">User-Agent&#8217;: &#8216;CustomCrawler\/1.0<\/span>&#8216; } });<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">const<\/span> $ = cheerio.load(response.data);<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffff99;\">\/\/ Extract data or links as needed<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\">$(&#8216;<span style=\"color: #00ff00;\">a<\/span>&#8216;).each((<span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">_, elem<\/span>) =&gt; {<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">const<\/span> href = $(elem).attr(&#8216;<span style=\"color: #00ff00;\">href<\/span>&#8216;);<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffff99;\">\/\/ Normalize, filter, and add to queue as appropriate<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\">});<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\">visited.add(url);<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffff99;\">\/\/ Optionally add delay or concurrency control here<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\">} <span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\">catch<\/span> (err) {<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffff99;\">\/\/ Handle errors, log or retry as needed<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff;\">crawl();<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9047\u4e0a\u52d5\u614b\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 Puppeteer \u5148\u6e32\u67d3\u5f8c\u518d\u62bd\u53d6\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u9078\u64c7\u5c0d\u722c\u87f2\u6210\u6557\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457\u722c\u87f2\u898f\u6a21\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u983b\u5bec\u548c\u8cc7\u5b89\u5c07\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u5c08\u6848\u6210\u6548\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5171\u4eab\u4e3b\u6a5f\u6216\u516c\u6709\u96f2\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73fe\u6548\u80fd\u74f6\u9838\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dataplugs.com\/tc\/product\/dedicated-server\/\">\u5c08\u5c6c\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u65b9\u6848<\/a>\uff08\u5982 Dataplugs\uff09\u6b63\u6b63\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u75db\u9ede\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u983b\u5bec\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u7368\u4eab<\/strong>\uff1a\u9069\u5408\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u4e26\u884c\u6578\u64da\u6293\u53d6<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5168\u7403\u4f4e\u5ef6\u9072\u7db2\u7d61<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e9e\u6d32\u3001\u4e2d\u7f8e\u7b49\u5e02\u5834\u76f4\u9023\u512a\u52e2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9032\u968e\u8cc7\u5b89<\/strong>\uff1a\u5167\u5efa\u9632\u706b\u7246\u3001Anti-DDoS\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u9694\u96e2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f48\u6027\u64f4\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u96a8\u6642\u5347\u7d1a\u3001\u9748\u6d3b\u5206\u914d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5408\u898f\u652f\u63f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u591a\u5730\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u672c\u5730\u5316\u6cd5\u898f\u9075\u5f9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u90e8\u7f72\u65bc\u5c08\u5c6c\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u907f\u514d\u8cc7\u6e90\u722d\u7528\u3001\u7a81\u767c 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