{"id":68220,"date":"2026-01-15T09:32:16","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T01:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dataplugs.com\/automated-failover-with-vrrp-bgp-for-server-availability\/"},"modified":"2026-01-15T09:35:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T01:35:00","slug":"automated-failover-with-vrrp-bgp-for-server-availability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dataplugs.com\/tc\/automated-failover-with-vrrp-bgp-for-server-availability\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ee5 VRRP\u3001BGP \u5be6\u73fe\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5bb9\u932f\u5207\u63db\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u53ef\u7528\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7dda\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u6703\u4ee5\u4e7e\u8106\u3001\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5931\u6548\u3002\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u5c64\u4ecd\u6709\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4f46\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65e9\u5df2\u5361\u6b7b\uff1b\u8def\u7531\u4ecd\u6301\u7e8c\u5c0d\u5916\u516c\u544a\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u537b\u5df2\u5728\u4e0a\u6e38\u88ab\u975c\u9ed8\u4e1f\u5305\uff1b\u7b49\u5230\u4eba\u54e1\u4ecb\u5165\u6642\uff0c\u7528\u6236\u65e9\u5df2\u611f\u77e5\u7570\u5e38\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u56e0\u70ba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u786c\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bb9\u932f\u5207\u63db\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u592a\u6162\u3001\u592a\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4eba\u5de5\uff0c\u6216\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u670d\u52d9\u72c0\u614b\u812b\u7bc0\u3002\u57fa\u65bc VRRP \u8207 BGP \u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5bb9\u932f\u5207\u63db\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u843d\u5dee\uff0c\u8b93\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u9000\u5316\u6642\u4ecd\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u53ef\u9810\u671f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u771f\u5be6\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6703\u5d29\u89e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u67b6\u69cb\u5f80\u5f80\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u5047\u8a2d\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u786c\u9ad4\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u9023\u7dda\u6703\u660e\u78ba\u4e2d\u65b7\uff0c\u76e3\u63a7\u544a\u8b66\u6703\u65e9\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6295\u8a34\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u4f46\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5931\u6548\u3002\u884c\u7a0b\u7576\u6389\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u4f47\u5217\u963b\u585e\u3001\u975e\u5c0d\u7a31\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u6216\u4e0a\u6e38\u4f9b\u61c9\u5546\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u9023\u7dda\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4ecd\u7136\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5373\u6642\u88ab\u6b63\u78ba\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u61c9\u8a72\u6301\u6709\u670d\u52d9\u7aef\u9ede\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u6d41\u91cf\u61c9\u8a72\u900f\u904e\u54ea\u4e9b\u8def\u5f91\u62b5\u9054\u8a72\u7aef\u9ede\u3002\u53ea\u89e3\u6c7a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u67b6\u69cb\u4ecd\u7136\u8106\u5f31\u3002\u540c\u6642\u89e3\u6c7a\u5169\u8005\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5bb9\u932f\u3002<\/p>\n

VRRP \u5bb9\u932f\u5207\u63db\u8207\u670d\u52d9\u7aef\u9ede\u7684\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n

VRRP \u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc IP \u4f4d\u5740\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u3002\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7d44\u6210\u5099\u63f4\u7fa4\u7d44\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u500b\u865b\u64ec IP\uff0c\u5c0d\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u9810\u8a2d\u9598\u9053\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u4f4d\u5740\u3002\u4efb\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e3b\u52d5\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u7bc0\u9ede\u8655\u65bc\u5f85\u547d\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u4e3b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0d\u518d\u5065\u5eb7\u6642\uff0cVRRP \u6703\u900f\u904e\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u544a\u8207 Gratuitous ARP \u5c07\u63a7\u5236\u6b0a\u8f49\u79fb\u7d66\u5099\u63f4\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7dad\u6301\u4e86\u672c\u5730\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8207\u5167\u90e8\u7cfb\u7d71\u800c\u8a00\uff0cIP \u4f4d\u5740\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u80cc\u5f8c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u9069\u5408\u4fdd\u8b77\u9598\u9053\u5668\u3001\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u524d\u7aef\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64\u7db2\u57df\u5167\u6301\u7e8c\u53ef\u9054\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u3002\u4f46\u50c5\u9760 VRRP\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5916\u90e8\u6d41\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u62b5\u9054\u8a72 IP\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8def\u7531\u611f\u77e5\u6642\uff0cVRRP \u7684\u4fb7\u9650<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5931\u6548\u60c5\u5883\u662f\uff0cVRRP \u5df2\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210 IP \u8f49\u79fb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u6e38\u7db2\u8def\u4ecd\u6301\u7e8c\u5c07\u6d41\u91cf\u9001\u5f80\u5df2\u6545\u969c\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002\u670d\u52d9\u5728\u672c\u5730\u770b\u4f3c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5c0d\u5916\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u9023\u7dda\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u843d\u5dee\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u9650\u5236\u3002VRRP \u904b\u4f5c\u65bc\u4ecb\u9762\u8207\u5b50\u7db2\u5c64\u7d1a\uff0c\u800c\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u8f49\u9001\u6c7a\u7b56\u767c\u751f\u5728\u66f4\u9060\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u8981\u5728\u55ae\u4e00\u5ee3\u64ad\u7db2\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7dad\u6301\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u5bb9\u932f\u5207\u63db\u5fc5\u9808\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u8def\u7531\u516c\u544a\u3002\u9019\u6b63\u662f BGP \u5bb9\u932f\u5207\u63db\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

BGP \u5bb9\u932f\u5207\u63db\u8207\u5c0d\u5916\u53ef\u9054\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n

BGP \u63a7\u5236 IP \u524d\u7db4\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u516c\u544a\u8207\u64a4\u56de\u3002\u7576\u7bc0\u9ede\u516c\u544a\u8def\u7531\u6642\uff0c\u4e0a\u6e38\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5b78\u6703\u5c07\u8a72\u524d\u7db4\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5c0e\u5411\u8a72\u7bc0\u9ede\uff1b\u7576\u516c\u544a\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u6d41\u91cf\u4fbf\u6703\u6536\u6582\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u7528\u8def\u5f91\u3002<\/p>\n

BGP \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5099\u63f4\u8b93\u5bb9\u932f\u6c7a\u7b56\u80fd\u5728\u672c\u5730\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u5916\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4 DNS TTL \u904e\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u975c\u614b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5c64\u5373\u6642\u53cd\u6620\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u5426\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d50\u5408\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\u5f8c\uff0cBGP \u53ef\u78ba\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u624d\u6703\u5c0d\u5916\u516c\u544a\u670d\u52d9\u524d\u7db4\u3002\u9019\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u7e2e\u77ed\u6536\u6582\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e26\u652f\u63f4\u591a\u7ad9\u9ede\u6216 Anycast \u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u8b93\u6d41\u91cf\u81ea\u7136\u6d41\u5411\u6700\u8fd1\u6216\u6700\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7aef\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d50\u5408 VRRP \u8207 BGP \u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5bb9\u932f\u8a2d\u8a08<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u6700\u5177\u97cc\u6027\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u6703\u540c\u6642\u4f7f\u7528 VRRP \u5bb9\u932f\u5207\u63db\u8207 BGP \u8def\u7531\u63a7\u5236\u3002VRRP \u8ca0\u8cac\u672c\u5730\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u4e3b\u5099\u89d2\u8272\uff0cBGP \u8ca0\u8cac\u5168\u7403\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5c0e\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u898b\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u900f\u904e keepalived \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u9032\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\u3002VRRP \u7ba1\u7406\u865b\u64ec IP\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u6539\u8b8a\u6642\u89f8\u767c\u901a\u77e5\u8173\u672c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8173\u672c\u4f9d\u64da\u7bc0\u9ede\u662f Master\u3001Backup \u6216 Fault \u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u555f\u52d5\u6216\u505c\u6b62 BGP \u5b88\u8b77\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u7bc0\u9ede\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u7bc0\u9ede\u6642\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u63a5\u7ba1 IP \u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u516c\u544a\u8def\u7531\uff1b\u767c\u751f\u6545\u969c\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u540c\u6b65\u91cb\u653e\u5169\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u5354\u540c\u6a5f\u5236\u907f\u514d\u4e86 split brain \u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u8def\u7531\u72c0\u614b\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u670d\u52d9\u72c0\u614b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6d41\u91cf\u53ea\u6703\u88ab\u5c0e\u5411\u771f\u6b63\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u667a\u6167\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u57fa\u790e<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\uff0c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u9a45\u52d5\u5b83\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u54c1\u8cea\u3002\u50c5\u6aa2\u67e5\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5df2\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6490\u73fe\u4ee3\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u6703\u9a57\u8b49\u61c9\u7528\u884c\u7a0b\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0b\u6e38\u76f8\u4f9d\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u8a02\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\u8173\u672c\uff0c\u8b93\u5718\u968a\u80fd\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ec0\u9ebc\u624d\u7b97\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u7576\u6aa2\u67e5\u591a\u6b21\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u7bc0\u9ede\u6703\u9032\u5165 Fault \u72c0\u614b\uff0cVRRP \u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u63a5\uff0cBGP \u64a4\u56de\u516c\u544a\u3002\u6574\u500b\u5bb9\u932f\u6d41\u7a0b\u56e0\u6b64\u8b8a\u5f97\u53ef\u63a7\u4e14\u53ef\u91cd\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u8b93\u5bb9\u932f\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u88ab\u52d5\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u8f49\u63db\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5be6\u4f5c VRRP \u8207 BGP \u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u71df\u904b\u8981\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u6210\u529f\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8207\u7d00\u5f8b\u3002VRRP \u8a2d\u5b9a\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u7bc0\u9ede\u9593\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u901a\u544a\u9593\u9694\u8207\u512a\u5148\u6b0a\u9700\u59a5\u5584\u8abf\u6821\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u983b\u7e41\u9707\u76ea\u3002BGP \u653f\u7b56\u5fc5\u9808\u9632\u6b62\u8def\u7531\u6296\u52d5\u8207\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6642\u9593\u540c\u6b65\u540c\u6a23\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u7bc0\u9ede\u5fc5\u9808\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6642\u9418\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u5354\u8abf\u72c0\u614b\u8207\u7d00\u9304\u3002\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8b8a\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7af6\u722d\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e0d\u662f\u9644\u52a0\u9078\u9805\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5bb9\u932f\u662f\u5426\u5e73\u9806\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n

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