{"id":68680,"date":"2026-03-02T11:07:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T03:07:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dataplugs.com\/how-to-design-high-iops-servers-for-database-heavy-workloads\/"},"modified":"2026-03-02T11:11:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T03:11:39","slug":"how-to-design-high-iops-servers-for-database-heavy-workloads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dataplugs.com\/tc\/how-to-design-high-iops-servers-for-database-heavy-workloads\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91cd\u5ea6\u8ca0\u8f09\u8a2d\u8a08\u9ad8 IOPS \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7576\u4ea4\u6613\u5ef6\u9072\u5728\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u6ce2\u52d5\uff0c\u7576 checkpoint \u6642\u9593\u7a81\u7136\u5ef6\u9577\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c16\u5cf0\u6642\u6bb5\u51fa\u73fe replication lag\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u67e5\u8a62\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u67b6\u69cb\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u751f\u7522\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u5728 CPU \u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u70ba\u74f6\u9838\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u7531\u5132\u5b58\u5c64\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u8a2d\u8a08 High IOPS servers \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u5347\u7d1a\u786c\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u904b\u884c PostgreSQL\u3001MySQL\u3001Microsoft SQL Server\u3001MongoDB\u3001Redis\uff0c\u6216 ClickHouse \u7b49\u5206\u6790\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e95\u5c64\u78c1\u789f\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9ad4\u9a57\u3001SLA \u9054\u6210\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u9577\u671f\u71df\u904b\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e00\u53f0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u570d\u7e5e\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u7684 I\/O \u8868\u73fe\u4f86\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u8ffd\u6c42\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ca0\u8f09\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5dee\u7570<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f I\/O \u7522\u751f\u5668\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u80fd\u89f8\u767c write ahead log \u63d0\u4ea4\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u9801\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4fee\u6539\u3001checkpoint flush\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80cc\u666f\u7dad\u8b77\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8207\u5f71\u97f3\u4e32\u6d41\u6216\u5099\u4efd\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e3b\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5927\u578b\u9023\u7e8c\u5340\u584a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cOLTP \u53ca\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u7522\u751f\u5c0f\u5340\u584a\u96a8\u6a5f\u8b80\u5beb\u3002<\/p>\n

IOPS \u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u79d2\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8b80\u5beb\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b21\u6578\u3002Throughput \u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u79d2\u53ef\u50b3\u8f38\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7e3d\u91cf\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u512a\u5316\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ea4\u6613\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u74b0\u5883\uff0cIOPS \u8207\u5ef6\u9072\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u9060\u6bd4\u5cf0\u503c MB\/s \u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u500b\u6bcf\u79d2\u57f7\u884c 20,000 \u6b21\u96a8\u6a5f 8KB \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7e3d\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u50c5\u7d04 160MB\/s\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u7121\u8db3\u5920 IOPS \u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4f47\u5217\u5806\u7a4d\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u78c1\u789f\u4f47\u5217\u589e\u52a0\uff0cI\/O wait \u4e0a\u5347\uff0cCPU \u9032\u5165\u7b49\u5f85\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u96a8\u4e4b\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91cd\u5ea6\u8ca0\u8f09\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5099\u771f\u6b63\u67b6\u69cb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4f55 NVMe \u662f\u9ad8 IOPS \u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u790e<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u50b3\u7d71\u6a5f\u68b0\u786c\u789f\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u7269\u7406\u5c0b\u9053\u8207\u8f49\u901f\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u96a8\u6a5f\u8ca0\u8f09\u901a\u5e38\u50c5\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b 150 IOPS \u5de6\u53f3\u3002SATA SSD \u96d6\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46 NVMe \u900f\u904e PCIe \u76f4\u9023\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u6548\u80fd\u4e0a\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

NVMe \u652f\u63f4\u5e73\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4f47\u5217\u4e26\u964d\u4f4e\u5354\u5b9a\u958b\u92b7\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5e73\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u5ef6\u9072\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u66f4\u5feb\u7684 commit \u6642\u9593\u8207\u66f4\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u4f75\u767c\u64f4\u5c55\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u55ae\u7d14\u90e8\u7f72 NVMe \u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3002High IOPS server configuration \u5fc5\u9808\u6574\u5408\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u8010\u7528\u5ea6\u7b49\u7d1a\u3001RAID \u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u6563\u71b1\u8a2d\u8a08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ca0\u8f09\u9694\u96e2\u3002\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5132\u5b58\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6301\u7e8c\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u9ad8\u5cf0\u6578\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u7684 NAND \u884c\u70ba\u8207\u5beb\u5165\u653e\u5927<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5feb\u9583\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u539f\u5730\u8986\u5beb\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u9801\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u4ee5\u5340\u584a\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u62b9\u9664\u3002\u7576\u9801\u9762\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u66f4\u6642\uff0cSSD \u63a7\u5236\u5668\u5fc5\u9808\u642c\u79fb\u6709\u6548\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u62b9\u9664\u6574\u500b\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u518d\u5beb\u56de\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\u8207\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7522\u751f\u5beb\u5165\u653e\u5927\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53e2\u96c6\u3001SaaS \u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7d71\u8207\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u4e3b\u6a5f\u901a\u5e38\u7522\u751f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96a8\u6a5f\u5beb\u5165\u3002\u96a8\u6a5f\u8ca0\u8f09\u589e\u52a0\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u4f7f NAND \u5be6\u969b\u5beb\u5165\u91cf\u8d85\u904e\u4e3b\u6a5f\u5beb\u5165\u91cf\u3002\u82e5\u672a\u4fdd\u7559\u8db3\u5920\u53ef\u7528\u7a7a\u9593\u8207 over provisioning\uff0c\u80cc\u666f\u6e05\u7406\u671f\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u5ef6\u9072\u5c16\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a NVMe SSD server for database \u90e8\u7f72\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8b70\u4fdd\u7559 10 \u81f3 20% \u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5340\u584a\u91cd\u5beb\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u8010\u7528\u5ea6\u898f\u5283\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u4e3b\u6a5f\u5beb\u5165\u91cf\u4e58\u4ee5\u5be6\u969b\u5beb\u5165\u653e\u5927\u4fc2\u6578\u3002\u5ffd\u7565\u6b64\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u58fd\u547d\u9810\u6e2c\u5931\u6e96\u4e26\u589e\u52a0\u63d0\u65e9\u9000\u5f79\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n

RAID \u67b6\u69cb\u8207\u5beb\u5165\u5206\u6563\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/h2>\n

RAID \u8a2d\u8a08\u5f71\u97ff\u6548\u80fd\u8207\u8010\u7528\u6027\u3002RAID 0 \u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u4f46\u7121\u5197\u9918\u3002RAID 1 \u63d0\u4f9b\u93e1\u50cf\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f46\u5beb\u5165\u6548\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u63d0\u5347\u3002RAID 10 \u7d50\u5408\u93e1\u50cf\u8207\u689d\u5e36\uff0c\u80fd\u5206\u6563\u5beb\u5165\u58d3\u529b\u4e26\u4fdd\u6709\u5bb9\u932f\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91cd\u5ea6\u8ca0\u8f09\u74b0\u5883\u800c\u8a00\uff0cRAID 10 \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7a69\u5b9a\u9078\u64c7\u3002NVMe RAID 10 \u5c07\u96a8\u6a5f\u5beb\u5165\u5206\u6563\u81f3\u591a\u9846\u78c1\u789f\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u55ae\u9846 NAND \u58d3\u529b\u4e26\u5728\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u4e0b\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u5ef6\u9072\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c07 WAL \u65e5\u8a8c\u8207\u4e3b\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u78c1\u789f\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728 checkpoint \u6216\u5fa9\u539f\u64cd\u4f5c\u671f\u9593\u7a69\u5b9a\u5beb\u5165\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a2d\u8a08\u61c9\u8003\u616e\u5beb\u5165\u8def\u5f91\u9694\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001CPU \u8207\u90e8\u7f72\u524d\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u64f4\u5927 buffer pool \u964d\u4f4e\u8b80\u53d6 I\/O\uff0c\u4f46\u5beb\u5165\u6c38\u9060\u9700\u8981\u843d\u5730\u81f3\u6301\u4e45\u5132\u5b58\u3002\u589e\u52a0 RAM \u7121\u6cd5\u5f4c\u88dc\u5beb\u5165 IOPS \u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

CPU \u67b6\u69cb\u5f71\u97ff\u5e73\u884c\u67e5\u8a62\u8207\u80cc\u666f\u7dad\u8b77\u6548\u7387\u3002\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u5728\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u55ae\u6838\u5fc3\u9ad8\u983b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90e8\u7f72\u524d\u5fc5\u9808\u9032\u884c\u8ca0\u8f09\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e73\u5747\u8207\u5cf0\u503c IOPS\u3001\u8b80\u5beb\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3001\u5340\u584a\u5927\u5c0f\u5206\u5e03\u3001checkpoint \u983b\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca replication \u884c\u70ba\u3002\u900f\u904e pg_stat_io\u3001track_io_timing \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6548\u80fd\u5de5\u5177\u53d6\u5f97\u771f\u5be6\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u518d\u9032\u884c\u8cc7\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u904e\u5ea6\u63a1\u8cfc\u6216\u6548\u80fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7dad\u8b77\u4f5c\u696d\u671f\u9593\u7684\u5ef6\u9072\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u5b8c\u5168\u5b58\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u7dad\u8b77\u4f5c\u696d\u4ecd\u6703\u89f8\u767c\u78c1\u789f\u5beb\u5165\u3002Checkpoint flush\u3001WAL \u540c\u6b65\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u5099\u4efd\u8207\u7d22\u5f15\u91cd\u5efa\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u653e\u5927 IOPS \u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec\u8abf\u6574 checkpoint \u9031\u671f\u3001\u932f\u958b\u7dad\u8b77\u6642\u9593\u3001\u70ba WAL \u914d\u7f6e\u7368\u7acb NVMe \u9663\u5217\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76e3\u63a7\u78c1\u789f\u4f47\u5217\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u82e5 I\/O wait \u6301\u7e8c\u8d85\u904e\u4f4e\u500b\u4f4d\u6578\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5132\u5b58\u5c64\u63a5\u8fd1\u98fd\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u58d3\u529b\u6642\u523b\u88ab\u9a57\u8b49\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5728\u9592\u7f6e\u6642\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64f4\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\u8207\u751f\u547d\u9031\u671f\u898f\u5283<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5782\u76f4\u64f4\u5c55\u589e\u52a0\u55ae\u7bc0\u9ede IOPS\u3001CPU \u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55\u5247\u900f\u904e replica \u6216\u5206\u7247\u5206\u6563\u8ca0\u8f09\u3002\u8b80\u53d6\u526f\u672c\u53ef\u6e1b\u8f15\u4e3b\u7bc0\u9ede\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u5206\u7247\u964d\u4f4e\u5beb\u5165\u7af6\u722d\u4f46\u589e\u52a0\u67b6\u69cb\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bb9\u91cf\u898f\u5283\u5fc5\u9808\u7d0d\u5165\u5e74\u5ea6\u5beb\u5165\u91cf\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u5beb\u5165\u653e\u5927\u4fc2\u6578\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e3b\u6a5f\u5beb\u5165 250TB\uff0c\u82e5\u5beb\u5165\u653e\u5927\u70ba 1.4\uff0c\u5247 NAND \u5be6\u969b\u5beb\u5165\u91cf\u70ba 350TB\u3002\u82e5 SSD \u8010\u7528\u5ea6\u70ba 1750TBW\uff0c\u9810\u4f30\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7d04\u4e94\u5e74\u3002\u82e5\u5ffd\u7565\u5beb\u5165\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u66ff\u63db\u6642\u9593\u5c07\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n

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Dataplugs NVMe \u57fa\u790e\u67b6\u69cb\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Dataplugs \u5728\u4e9e\u592a\u5340\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90e8\u7f72 NVMe \u5c08\u5c6c\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/a>\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u7684 IOPS \u8868\u73fe\u3002\u5c08\u5c6c\u8cc7\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u6d88\u9664 noisy neighbor \u554f\u984c\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5132\u5b58\u6548\u80fd\u4e0d\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u79df\u6236\u5e72\u64fe\u3002\u53ef\u914d\u7f6e\u7684 NVMe RAID 1 \u8207 RAID 10 \u67b6\u69cb\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u6563\u5beb\u5165\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u4e0b\u7dad\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\u8207\u8010\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5c0d\u65bc SaaS \u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7d71\u6216 time series \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5c08\u5c6c NVMe \u67b6\u69cb\u8207 High IOPS server configuration \u539f\u5247\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u70ba\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a69\u5b9a\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6301\u7e8c\u76e3\u63a7\u8207\u71df\u904b\u7d00\u5f8b<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5132\u5b58\u6548\u80fd\u4e26\u975e\u975c\u614b\u3002\u5fc5\u9808\u76e3\u63a7\u78c1\u789f\u4f47\u5217\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u5ef6\u9072\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u6578\u3001replication lag\u3001I\/O wait \u4ee5\u53ca\u81e8\u6642\u6a94\u6848\u7522\u751f\u983b\u7387\u3002\u5206\u6790\u524d\u9069\u6642\u91cd\u7f6e\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7cbe\u6e96\u5224\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u4f86\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c07 IOPS \u8996\u70ba\u6301\u7e8c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u71df\u904b\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u786c\u9ad4\u898f\u683c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u6210\u9577\u671f\u7dad\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d50\u8ad6<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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